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訂閱社區雜誌 |
| 【變頻器】變頻器矢量控製的基本原理分析 |
| （時間:2026-03-25 16:53:45） |
矢shi量liang控kong製zhi的de基ji本ben原yuan理li是shi通tong過guo測ce量liang和he控kong製zhi異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji定ding子zi電dian流liu矢shi量liang，根gen據ju磁ci場chang定ding向xiang原yuan理li分fen別bie對dui異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji的de勵li磁ci電dian流liu和he轉zhuan矩ju電dian流liu進jin行xing控kong製zhi，從cong而er達da到dao控kong製zhi異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji轉zhuan矩ju的de目mu的de。具ju體ti是shi將jiang異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji的de定ding子zi電dian流liu矢shi量liang分fen解jie為wei產chan生sheng磁ci場chang的de電dian流liu分fen量liang(勵磁電流)和產生轉矩的電流分量(轉矩電流)fenbiejiayikongzhi，bingtongshikongzhiliangfenliangjiandefuzhihexiangwei，jikongzhidingzidianliushiliang，suoyichengzhezhongkongzhifangshichengweishiliangkongzhifangshi。shiliangkongzhifangshiyouyoujiyuzhuanchapinlvkongzhideshiliangkongzhifangshi、無速度傳感器矢量控製方式和有速度傳感器的矢量控製方式等。
基於轉差頻率控製的矢量控製方式同樣是在進行U/f＝恒定控製的基礎上，通過檢測異步電動機的實際速度n，並得到對應的控製頻率f，然後根據希望得到的轉矩，分別控製定子電流矢量及兩個分量間的相位，對通用變頻器的輸出頻率f進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)。基(ji)於(yu)轉(zhuan)差(cha)頻(pin)率(lv)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)最(zui)大(da)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)動(dong)態(tai)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)波(bo)動(dong)，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)動(dong)態(tai)性(xing)能(neng)。早(zao)期(qi)的(de)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)都(dou)是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)基(ji)於(yu)轉(zhuan)差(cha)頻(pin)率(lv)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)。
無wu速su度du傳chuan感gan器qi的de矢shi量liang控kong製zhi方fang式shi是shi基ji於yu磁ci場chang定ding向xiang控kong製zhi理li論lun發fa展zhan而er來lai的de。實shi現xian精jing確que的de磁ci場chang定ding向xiang矢shi量liang控kong製zhi需xu要yao在zai異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji內nei安an裝zhuang磁ci通tong檢jian測ce裝zhuang置zhi，要yao在zai異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji內nei安an裝zhuang磁ci通tong檢jian測ce裝zhuang置zhi是shi很hen困kun難nan的de，但dan人ren們men發fa現xian，即ji使shi不bu在zai異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji中zhong直zhi接jie安an裝zhuang磁ci通tong檢jian測ce裝zhuang置zhi，也ye可ke以yi在zai通tong用yong變bian頻pin器qi內nei部bu得de到dao與yu磁ci通tong相xiang應ying的de量liang，並bing由you此ci得de到dao了le所suo謂wei的de無wu速su度du傳chuan感gan器qi的de矢shi量liang控kong製zhi方fang式shi。它ta的de基ji本ben控kong製zhi思si想xiang是shi根gen據ju輸shu入ru的de電dian動dong機ji的de銘ming牌pai參can數shu，按an照zhao一yi定ding的de關guan係xi式shi分fen別bie對dui作zuo為wei基ji本ben控kong製zhi量liang的de勵li磁ci電dian流liu（或者磁通）和轉矩電流進行檢測，並通過控製電動機定子繞組上的電壓的頻率使勵磁電流（或者磁通）和轉矩電流的指令值和檢測值達到一致，並輸出轉矩，從而實現矢量控製。
采(cai)用(yong)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)在(zai)調(tiao)速(su)範(fan)圍(wei)上(shang)與(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)相(xiang)匹(pi)配(pei)，而(er)且(qie)可(ke)以(yi)控(kong)製(zhi)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)。由(you)於(yu)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)所(suo)依(yi)據(ju)的(de)是(shi)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)被(bei)控(kong)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)參(can)數(shu)，有(you)的(de)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)地(di)輸(shu)入(ru)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)參(can)數(shu)，有(you)的(de)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)需(xu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)速(su)度(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)和(he)編(bian)碼(ma)器(qi)，並(bing)需(xu)使(shi)用(yong)廠(chang)商(shang)指(zhi)定(ding)的(de)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)製(zhi)，否(fou)則(ze)難(nan)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)控(kong)製(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)。目(mu)前(qian)新(xin)型(xing)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)通(tong)用(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)中(zhong)已(yi)經(jing)具(ju)備(bei)異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)參(can)數(shu)自(zi)動(dong)辨(bian)識(shi)、zishiyinggongneng，daiyouzhezhonggongnengdetongyongbianpinqizaiqudongyibudiandongjijinxingzhengchangyunzhuanzhiqiankeyizidongdiduiyibudiandongjidecanshujinxingbianshi，binggenjubianshijieguotiaozhengkongzhisuanfazhongdeyouguancanshu，congerduiputongdeyibudiandongjijinxingyouxiaodeshiliangkongzhi。chuleshangshudewuchuanganqishiliangkongzhihezhuanjushiliangkongzhideng，ketigaoyibudiandongjizhuanjukongzhixingnengdejishuwai，muqiandexinjishuhaibaokuoyibudiandongjikongzhichangshudetiaojiejiyujixiexitongpipeideshiyingxingkongzhideng，yitigaoyibudiandongjiyingyongxingnengdejishu。weilefangzhiyibudiandongjizhuansupianchayijizaidisuquyuhuodejiaolixiangdepinghuazhuansu，yingyongdaguimojichengdianlubingcaiyongzhuanyongshuzishizidongdianyatiaozheng（AVR）控製技術的控製方式，已實用化並取得良好的效果。
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