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訂閱社區雜誌 |
| 地源熱泵係統熱平衡問題解決方法 |
| （時間:2026-03-26 01:40:57） |
土tu壤rang熱re平ping衡heng問wen題ti是shi地di埋mai管guan地di源yuan熱re泵beng係xi統tong設she計ji與yu應ying用yong中zhong需xu要yao解jie決jue的de首shou要yao問wen題ti，如ru今jin已yi經jing有you不bu少shao方fang法fa應ying用yong在zai實shi際ji工gong程cheng中zhong，並bing取qu得de了le不bu錯cuo的de效xiao果guo，比bi如ru在zai係xi統tong中zhong加jia入ru輔fu助zhu冷leng熱re源yuan、間(jian)歇(xie)式(shi)控(kong)製(zhi)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)。其(qi)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)較(jiao)為(wei)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)混(hun)合(he)式(shi)地(di)源(yuan)熱(re)泵(beng)係(xi)統(tong)。混(hun)合(he)式(shi)地(di)源(yuan)熱(re)泵(beng)即(ji)地(di)埋(mai)管(guan)換(huan)熱(re)係(xi)統(tong)與(yu)輔(fu)助(zhu)散(san)熱(re)設(she)備(bei)或(huo)輔(fu)助(zhu)熱(re)源(yuan)混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)熱(re)泵(beng)係(xi)統(tong)，分(fen)為(wei)室(shi)內(nei)換(huan)熱(re)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)室(shi)外(wai)換(huan)熱(re)係(xi)統(tong)兩(liang)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)[1].
1.冷卻塔-地埋管地源熱泵
在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)，建(jian)築(zhu)負(fu)荷(he)特(te)點(dian)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)夏(xia)季(ji)冷(leng)負(fu)荷(he)大(da)於(yu)冬(dong)季(ji)熱(re)負(fu)荷(he)，所(suo)以(yi)土(tu)壤(rang)熱(re)平(ping)衡(heng)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)熱(re)量(liang)的(de)堆(dui)積(ji)上(shang)。在(zai)此(ci)種(zhong)負(fu)荷(he)特(te)點(dian)下(xia)，設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)地(di)埋(mai)管(guan)的(de)熱(re)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)以(yi)建(jian)築(zhu)物(wu)的(de)熱(re)負(fu)荷(he)作(zuo)為(wei)設(she)計(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)，夏(xia)季(ji)供(gong)冷(leng)時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)輔(fu)助(zhu)散(san)熱(re)設(she)備(bei)散(san)去(qu)室(shi)內(nei)多(duo)餘(yu)熱(re)量(liang)。
lengquetashihunheshidiyuanrebengxitongzuichangyongdesanreshebei，zaidabufengongchengshejizhong，tongchangshigenjujianzhuquannianleijizongfuhejisuanreliangdeshi，youxitongduiturangqureliangyusanreliangzhichajisuanlengquetaxunhuanshuiliangcongerxuanqulengquetaxinghao，zaikongzhilengquetashizegudingshijianqiting。danyouyujianzhufuheyuzhouweihuanjingxixixiangguanqiefuhebianhuashiyigedongtaiguocheng，suoyibuyinggaidanchunyicifaxuanquhekongzhilengqueta。zaiwenxian【2】中提出了比較合理的冷卻塔選型和控製方法，即由土壤在熱泵製冷工況運行下的平均進水溫度（根據經驗數據或模擬計算得出）計算出冷卻塔容量大小的平衡點T，查詢當地全年逐時室外幹濕球溫度數據得出當室外濕球溫度為T時室外幹球溫度的平均值，進而求得在此室外條件下的建築冷負荷Qc，再根據熱泵機組的EER值計算出機組的放熱量Qf，由(you)此(ci)選(xuan)取(qu)冷(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)。此(ci)法(fa)在(zai)選(xuan)型(xing)計(ji)算(suan)中(zhong)與(yu)建(jian)築(zhu)所(suo)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian)和(he)建(jian)築(zhu)負(fu)荷(he)特(te)點(dian)都(dou)緊(jin)密(mi)聯(lian)係(xi)起(qi)來(lai)，所(suo)以(yi)所(suo)得(de)結(jie)果(guo)符(fu)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)。而(er)冷(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)的(de)啟(qi)停(ting)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)機(ji)組(zu)出(chu)水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)來(lai)判(pan)斷(duan)是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)冷(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)輔(fu)助(zhu)，且(qie)當(dang)所(suo)選(xuan)冷(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)出(chu)水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)小(xiao)於(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)在(zai)熱(re)泵(beng)製(zhi)冷(leng)工(gong)況(kuang)運(yun)行(xing)下(xia)的(de)平(ping)均(jun)進(jin)水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)時(shi)啟(qi)用(yong)冷(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)（因此時在流量相同情況下，使用冷卻塔比使用埋管更有利於提高機組的運行效率）。
采用冷卻塔-dimaiguandiyuanrebengxitongkeyihenhaodejiejueturangrepinghengwenti，erhelidexuanquhekongzhilengqueta，keyijianshaobufenmaijingshuliang，jieyueshiwaidimaiguanhuanreqideanzhuangmianji，tongshichutouziyehuixiangyingjiangdi。rutusuoshiweilengqueta-地埋管地源熱泵係統原理圖。
冷卻塔-土壤源熱泵係統原理圖1冷卻塔；2、4水泵；3埋地盤管；5換熱器；6冷凝器；7膨脹閥；8蒸發器；9回熱器；10壓縮機；11風機盤管
2.太陽能-地埋管地源熱泵
在(zai)寒(han)冷(leng)地(di)區(qu)，建(jian)築(zhu)冬(dong)季(ji)供(gong)熱(re)負(fu)荷(he)要(yao)大(da)於(yu)夏(xia)季(ji)供(gong)冷(leng)負(fu)荷(he)，造(zao)成(cheng)熱(re)泵(beng)冬(dong)季(ji)從(cong)地(di)下(xia)土(tu)壤(rang)吸(xi)取(qu)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)大(da)於(yu)夏(xia)季(ji)向(xiang)土(tu)壤(rang)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)，導(dao)致(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)溫(wen)度(du)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降(jiang)低(di)，致(zhi)使(shi)係(xi)統(tong)供(gong)熱(re)量(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)，耗(hao)功(gong)率(lv)上(shang)升(sheng)，供(gong)熱(re)係(xi)數(shu)降(jiang)低(di)。據(ju)統(tong)計(ji)，一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)土(tu)壤(rang)溫(wen)度(du)每(mei)降(jiang)低(di)1℃，會使製取同樣熱量的能耗增加3%~4%【3】。所以，為了保證熱泵係統能夠長久、正zheng常chang的de運yun行xing，並bing充chong分fen體ti現xian其qi節jie能neng性xing，需xu要yao在zai係xi統tong中zhong加jia入ru輔fu助zhu加jia熱re設she備bei，以yi解jie決jue在zai寒han冷leng地di區qu應ying用yong地di埋mai管guan地di源yuan熱re泵beng所suo麵mian臨lin的de土tu壤rang熱re平ping衡heng問wen題ti。太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi是shi最zui常chang用yong的de輔fu助zhu加jia熱re設she備bei，係xi統tong可ke通tong過guo閥fa門men的de控kong製zhi來lai實shi現xian太tai陽yang能neng直zhi接jie供gong暖nuan，太tai陽yang能neng與yu熱re泵beng聯lian合he供gong暖nuan，地di源yuan熱re泵beng供gong暖nuan及ji太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi集ji熱re土tu壤rang蓄xu熱re的de運yun行xing流liu程cheng等deng。冬dong季ji采cai暖nuan時shi，以yi太tai陽yang能neng及ji土tu壤rang中zhong夏xia季ji蓄xu存cun的de部bu分fen熱re量liang作zuo為wei低di位wei熱re源yuan直zhi接jie或huo間jian接jie通tong過guo熱re泵beng提ti升sheng後hou供gong給gei采cai暖nuan用yong戶hu，同tong時shi，在zai土tu壤rang蓄xu存cun部bu分fen冷leng量liang以yi備bei夏xia季ji空kong調tiao用yong。夏xia季ji與yu過guo渡du季ji節jie，太tai陽yang能neng集ji熱re器qi主zhu要yao用yong於yu提ti供gong生sheng活huo用yong熱re水shui。如ru圖tu所suo示shi為wei太tai陽yang能neng-地埋管地源熱泵係統原理圖。
太陽能-土壤源熱泵係統原理圖1集熱器；2貯熱水槽；3、5水泵；4埋地盤管；6換熱器；7蒸發器；8壓縮機；9冷凝器；10回熱器；11膨脹閥；12風機盤管
3.地源熱泵間歇式運行
jinguandimaiguandiyuanrebengxitongdelianxushiyonghuishiturangwendufashengdanxiangbianhua，danturangwenduchangyouzhekehuifudetedian，bingqiezaijianzhuhuanjingzhonggongregonglengxitongjizudeyunxingjuyoujianduanxing，suoyiyourentichulediyuanrebengdejianxieshiyunxing。tongguorenweihelidekongzhirebengjizudejianxieyunxing，nenggouqianghuachuanreguocheng，tigaorebengjizudeshiyongxiaolv，jiaohaodejiejueturangrepinghengwenti。erqierunengchongfenliyongzhezhongjianxiexingmibudixiachuanrehuanmandebuzu，jiunengshixianchongfenhuanre，zuidaxiandudejianshaodimaiguandezuankongshu，jiangdigongchengchutouzi。
國內已有不少地源熱泵間歇式運行的實驗，提出了一些合理的啟停控製方案。比如大連理工曾做的冬季工況24小時間歇運行試驗【4，5】，得出以24小時為一個周期，控製機組啟停時間為1：1和2：5時土壤溫度場的恢複效果的分析。機組具體運行情況為：機組運行5小時後停機，埋管管壁溫度經過5小時溫度恢複到與初始狀態相差0.2？C，機組繼續運行4小時後停止運行，管壁溫度經過10xiaoshihuifudaochushiwendu，weixiayixunhuankaijiyunxingtigongjiaohaodehuanretiaojian。yicifangshiyunxing，zaimanzuyonghufuhexuqiudejichushang，rebengdejinchukoushuiwenwendingzaiyigejiaogaowendu，shijizujibenchuyulixianggongkuangxiayunxing，qiedixiahuanreliangyulianxuyunxingxiangbitigaole5%.
4.回收利用多餘熱量製造生活熱水
在zai夏xia季ji冷leng負fu荷he大da於yu冬dong季ji熱re負fu荷he的de地di區qu，對dui於yu地di源yuan熱re泵beng係xi統tong土tu壤rang熱re量liang得de失shi不bu平ping衡heng問wen題ti，用yong冷leng卻que塔ta將jiang係xi統tong多duo餘yu熱re量liang散san發fa至zhi空kong氣qi中zhong是shi較jiao常chang用yong的de方fang法fa，但dan從cong能neng源yuan使shi用yong方fang麵mian講jiang是shi浪lang費fei了le這zhe部bu分fen熱re能neng，若ruo合he理li利li用yong這zhe部bu分fen熱re量liang，將jiang是shi節jie約yue能neng源yuan的de一yi個ge有you效xiao方fang法fa。
在(zai)該(gai)種(zhong)負(fu)荷(he)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，係(xi)統(tong)夏(xia)季(ji)向(xiang)土(tu)壤(rang)釋(shi)放(fang)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)大(da)於(yu)冬(dong)季(ji)從(cong)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)取(qu)出(chu)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)，要(yao)利(li)用(yong)起(qi)這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)能(neng)量(liang)，應(ying)從(cong)建(jian)築(zhu)能(neng)源(yuan)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)方(fang)麵(mian)考(kao)慮(lv)。如(ru)今(jin)建(jian)築(zhu)生(sheng)活(huo)熱(re)水(shui)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)全(quan)年(nian)供(gong)應(ying)，已(yi)經(jing)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)程(cheng)將(jiang)係(xi)統(tong)多(duo)餘(yu)熱(re)量(liang)回(hui)收(shou)用(yong)於(yu)製(zhi)造(zao)生(sheng)活(huo)熱(re)水(shui)，不(bu)僅(jin)避(bi)免(mian)了(le)這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)浪(lang)費(fei)，還(hai)節(jie)約(yue)了(le)部(bu)分(fen)製(zhi)造(zao)生(sheng)活(huo)熱(re)水(shui)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)一(yi)次(ci)能(neng)源(yuan)。下(xia)麵(mian)以(yi)武(wu)漢(han)某(mou)工(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)例(li)分(fen)析(xi)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)和(he)效(xiao)果(guo)。
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